Rare examples include Catálogo das cartas, Boletim do Arquivo Histórico Militar 43 (1974): H. The study of Portuguese cartography, particularly for the eighteenth century to the twentieth, is hampered by the paucity of inventories of cartographic material in Portuguese archives and libraries. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, (New York: Knopf, 1969), PMC there is a geographical index of the work: João Vidago, Portugalia monumenta cartographica: Sinopse do conteúdo geográfico das estampas, Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa 90 (1972): With an introduction by Alfredo Pinheiro Marques and the addition of a few supplemental descriptions. (Lisbon: Comissão Executiva dos Centenários, ). (Lisbon, 1960 reprint, with an introduction and supplement by Alfredo Pinheiro Marques, Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, 1987) and Publicações for Publicações (Congresso do Mundo Português), 19 vols. Teixeira da Mota, Portugaliae monumenta cartographica, 6 vols. (Porto: Universidade do Porto, CNCDP, 1989) IAN/ TT for Instituto dos Arquivos Nacionais / Torre do Tombo, Lisbon PMC for Armando Cortesão and A. 4 Abbreviations used in this chapter include: Bartolomeu Dias for Congresso Internacional Bartolomeu Dias e a sua Época: Actas, 5 vols. After dominating the historiography of Portuguese cartography for forty years, some of its interpretations are now being modified, but it still forms the starting point for any detailed work on the subject, and its influence is clearly seen throughout this chapter. It was reprinted in a reduced format in It is the primary source for Portuguese maps from the fifteenth century to the end of the seventeenth and the most comprehensive guide to any country s cartographic resources in the Renaissance. 2 Its copious descriptions, with particular attention to the dating and content of these maps in the context of the Portuguese geographical discoveries, are accompanied by large-format illustrations. Teixeira da Mota, published in 1960 on the occasion of the five hundredth anniversary of the death of Prince Henry the Navigator (Infante Dom Henrique). The relative importance of nautical maps is reflected in the magisterial six-volume Portugaliae monumenta cartographica (PMC) by Armando Cortesão and A. Not many terrestrial maps of Portugal from this period have survived, and most of the few studies of these have been more interested in searching for technical innovations in Portuguese surveying than in explaining the maps roles as cultural and political documents. In the literature, nautical charts often included the surveys and regional and urban maps made in the Portuguese territories overseas. The prestige of Portugal s chartmaking activity has overshadowed the study of sixteenth- and seventeenthcentury terrestrial mapping by the Portuguese, both domestically and overseas. But Portugal s political unity from the thirteenth century the support it received from a series of Papal bulls that gave it a monopoly in discovery, conquest, and commerce, as well as gold and slaves from West Africa to pay for these activities and the technical knowledge of winds and currents in the Atlantic, ship design, chartmaking, and navigation all contributed to Portugal s importance in world trade by the first half of the sixteenth century. Other countries had more and better harbors and a larger proportion of their population engaged in the sea. 1 Portugal s geographical position as the westernmost part of continental Europe facing the North Atlantic, for example, cannot account entirely for its success. The factors contributing to Portugal s importance in those activities during that period are complex. 1 38 Portuguese Cartography in the Renaissance Maria Fernanda Alegria, Suzanne Daveau, João Carlos Garcia, and Francesc Relaño Introduction The study of Portuguese cartography has focused in large part on Portugal s contribution to nautical charting, astronomical navigation at sea, and mapping in support of its vast overseas expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
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